[MacPorts] #67473: protobuf3-cpp: Update to newer version

[MacPorts]

#67473: protobuf3-cpp: Update to newer version
------------------------+---------------------------
 Reporter:  ryandesign  |      Owner:  (none)
     Type:  update      |     Status:  new
 Priority:  Normal      |  Milestone:
Component:  ports       |    Version:
 Keywords:              |       Port:  protobuf3-cpp
------------------------+---------------------------
 MacPorts protobuf3-cpp is at version 3.19.3 which is from January 2022.

 3.23.1 was released in May 2023:

 {{{
 % port livecheck protobuf3-cpp
 protobuf3-cpp seems to have been updated (port version: 3.19.3, new
 version: 23.1)
 }}}

 livecheck needs to be adjusted to account for their
 [https://protobuf.dev/news/2022-05-06/#versioning new version numbering
 strategy] (limit livecheck to 3.x versions).

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Ticket URL: <https://trac.macports.org/ticket/67473>
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